Docker

To run a docker image using docker:

docker run -it --rm <image> command

where:

-it: Lets you interact with the container as if it was a shell
--rm: Automatically remove the container when it exits.
command: a command to run within the container, typically bash

Mounting a local directory on the container for permanent storage can be achieved using the -v binding. For example this will have the local ~/mywork available on the container in /usr/local/mywork:

docker run -it --rm  -v ~/mywork:/usr/local/mywork <image> command

Apptainer

Linux host have apptainer (formally singularity), that can be run similarly to docker. It uses a cache directory to store the images so I suggest to set that cache to a location with large disk capacity. In the following example /path/to/user/cache is used:

export sif_cache=/path/to/$USER/sif

and then:

export APPTAINER_CACHEDIR=$sif_cache/apptainer-cache 
export APPTAINER_TMPDIR=$sif_cache/apptainer-tmp 
export TMPDIR=$sif_cache/apptainer-tmp 

apptainer exec --cleanenv --bind ~/mywork:/usr/local/mywork \
  <image> command